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application/octet-stream

Arbitrary binary data. The default for anything with no better type; browsers download it rather than show it.

Extensions: .msi .msp .msm .bin .dms .lrf .mar .so .dist .distz .pkg .bpk .dump .elc .deploy
Header: Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Registered: Yes, in the IANA media type registry.
References: IANA · RFC 2045 · RFC 2046 · Apache · nginx · MDN

What servers send

The type each server's own mime.types gives these extensions, as it ships.

Extension	Apache httpd 2.4.69	nginx 1.31.6
.msi	application/x-msdownload	application/octet-stream
.msp	Not listed	application/octet-stream
.msm	Not listed	application/octet-stream
.bin	application/octet-stream	Not listed
.dms	application/octet-stream	Not listed
.lrf	application/octet-stream	Not listed
.mar	application/octet-stream	Not listed
.so	application/octet-stream	Not listed
.dist	application/octet-stream	Not listed
.distz	application/octet-stream	Not listed
.pkg	application/octet-stream	Not listed
.bpk	application/octet-stream	Not listed
.dump	application/octet-stream	Not listed
.elc	application/octet-stream	Not listed
.deploy	application/octet-stream	Not listed

The IANA registry also gives these extensions to model/vnd.gdl, model/vnd.gs-gdl, application/gltf-buffer, text/vnd.DMClientScript and application/vnd.exstream-package.

Common application types

Every media type, in one table